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Here's a list of the most common types of cable connectors that you'll run across, with a diagram and mini reference.

Some of them are not used much anymore, while others will become as common as a power plug.

 

 

The Mini Din 6 is commonly used with keyboards and mice.  It is also referred to as a PS/2 connector because it's first wide use was by IBM in it's PS/2 line of computers.
The Din 5 connector was widely used with keyboards until the adoption of the Mini Din 6 as the "standard".
The USB (Universal Serial Bus), billed as a replacement for the widely used serial and parallel ports, uses two different cable types.  Type A is commonly used to connect to USB ports on computers.
Type B is used to connect to USB devices such as modems and keyboards. 
A popular standard for high speed communications between computer peripherals is IEEE-1394, sometimes called Firewire. This standard specifies speeds up to 393Mbps which lends itself to products like digital cameras and scanners.
The DB9 connector is commonly associated with serial and modem connections.  It was also used as a video cable connector prior to the release of VGA monitors, which use the DB15 connector.  The male DB9 is used as a connector on the computer, while the female DB9 (not shown) is used in cables.
The female DB25 is most often associated with serial and modem cables.  Although not as common as the DB9, it is widely used on external modems and some printers (Mac). Modem cables are generally female DB9 on the end that attaches to the computer and male DB25 on the end that attaches to the modem.
A RJ11 cable is used for connecting telephones and modems to the local telephone carrier's network. Some home networking kits that use existing telephone wiring will utilize RJ11 cables.
A RJ45 cable is used for network communications.  It attaches to a network interface card (NIC) in a computer and to either another computer (using a crossover cable) or to a internetworking device like a hub or switch (using a straight through cable).  It is also used with cable and DSL modems to connect the modem to the computer via a NIC.
The HD15 connector is used almost exclusively with VGA monitors and video cards with the male connector on the cable coming from the monitor connecting to a female connector on the video card.
The BNC male connector found on coax cable is commonly used with cable modems and television.  Until the adoption of the RJ45 cable as a "standard" in networking, it was used widely in computer networking.
The male DB25 is used as a connector on PC to printer cables.  Printer cables use the male DB25 connector on the end that connects to the computer,  with a male Centronics connector (see below) on the end that connects to the printer.
The majority of printers use the Centronics 36 (female) connector. 

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